In my warranty and service manual, it tell of two service schedules.
Normal maintenance and severe conditions.
Severe driving conditions that affect engine oil and oil filter are:
Towing a trailer, using a camper or car top carrier.
Repeated short trips less than 8km and outside temperature remains below freezing.
Under severe conditions it shows that oil and filter change intervals halve to 5000kms.
All motors will develop sludge/buildup if not serviced at the recommended intervals. Even Toyotas!
Most common are the much relied on but sorely neglected Camrys and Corollas that make up the aussie Toyota fleet. But I've seen lots of Celicas too, but they are just Camrys in drag right? /flamesuit ON
I've seen spotless engines at 350000kms in lots of vehicles, most of the ones that make it that far are the commercial vans, Hiaces, Hiluxs etc. Probably because they get serviced properly, if it's your money maker, you take care of it.
The most buildup I've seen was in a SDV10 motor, 5S-FE for the non Camry fans
Buildup was about 10mm off the top of the cam bearing caps
Oil has a finite working life, it contains detergents and conditioners that help reduce and to an extent remove buildup. Run the oil for too long, too long depends on operating conditions, and the oil simply runs out of the additives, so where do all the contaminents go? Straight on the non moving parts of your engine.
Sludge is not so much of a problem, it's more the effect it causes. It insulates the metal that it's covering, so all the bearing caps run a little bit hotter, more heat, engine oil has less working life because of it.
Running the oil level low can also accelerate the engine oils working life, as running at the bottom of the dipstick reduces your capacity by about a litre in most toyotas. With most of them only having a 4 litre sump, you lose 25% of your capacity. So you gain more heat because the oil has to go around more often.
I've seen a fair few import toyota motors that are quite heavily sludged, it tends to be the cheaper more disposable cars that don't get serviced. Mechanics charge heaps over there, and it's probably cheaper to NEVER service your car as you're gonna dump it in 3 years anyway. Lift the oil cap on a 1UZ-FE halfcut and it's pretty much guaranteed to be minty fresh in the valve cover, because they get love as they are expensive to buy.
Go here and read about it more as I'm sure I've forgotten something.
http://www.carbibles.com/engineoil_bible.html
Dan
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