The wheels with the multiple holes in them do allow for a vernier type adjustment and may be called a vernier wheel in some cirles, owing to the relationship between the hole spacing and the outer teeth of the wheel. This is not to be confused with a vernier scale.
A vernier scale lets one read more precisely from an evenly divided straight or circular measurement scale. It is fitted with a sliding secondary scale that is used to indicate where the measurement lies when it is in-between two of the marks on the main scale.
It was invented in its modern form in 1631 by the French mathematician Pierre Vernier (1580–1637). In some languages, this device is called a nonius, which is the latin name of the Portuguese astronomer and mathematician Pedro Nunes (1492–1578) who invented the principle.
Verniers are common on sextants, scientific instuments and machinists' measuring tools (all sorts, but especially calipers and micrometers) and on theodolites.
When a measurement is taken by mechanical means using one of the above mentioned instruments, the measure is read off a finely marked data scale (the "fixed" scale). The measure taken will usually be between two of the smallest gradations on this scale. The indicating scale (vernier) is used to provide an even finer additional level of precision without resorting to estimation.
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